Policy Change and Implementation of New Village Regulation Based on Public Administration Perspective
Keywords:
local government, empowering community, village, public servicesAbstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the policy change of village regulation and the implementation of Law No 6/2014 on the Village as new village policy. The method of this research was qualitative. It was conduct in two locations, i.e: Kairane village of Kupang Regency and Dringu village of Probolinggo Regency. The result indicates that although the policies used are the same, but they produce different outputs. In isolated villages, the dominant output is village infrastructure. This is due to inadequate water and transportation facilities. Whereas in the developed villages, there are more administrative services. Thus village funds are difficult to absorb in infrastructure activities, but disbursed for village apparatus honorarium fees. On the other hand, policy change is more on political process and always do when village government ineffective. In conclusion, the implementation of village policy in Indonesia has different results. Let’s focus on managerial approach to make policy robust not only political: the advanced village focus on better public services, while the isolated focus on village development.
References
Alderfer. F. Harold. 1964. Local Government in Developing Countries. McGraw Hill Book Company. New York.
Anderson, John. 2003. Decentralization, local powers and local development. ILO Universitas Decentralization.2003. http://hdrnet.org/487/1/Anderson.pdf. Downloaded at December, 18, 2014.
Bennett, J., Collin. and Howlett, Michael., 1992. The lessons of learning: reconciling theories of policy learning and policy change. Policy Sciences, 25 (3), 275-294. doi:10.1007/BF00138786
Burn, Danny., et al. 1994. The politics of decentralization. Revitalising local democracy. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG 212XS and London. MACMILLAN Press LTD.
Chambers, R. 2006. ‘What is poverty? Who asks? Who answers?’ In Poverty in focus: What is poverty? Concepts and Measures. UNDP, International Poverty Centre. http://www.undp-povertycentre.org
Cooper, Philip J., et al. 1998. Public administration for the twenty-first century. United States of America: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
Denhardt, J.V. and Denhardt, R.B., 2003.The new public service: serving, not steering. New York: M.E.Sharpe.
Eko, Sutoro. 2012. Perubahan Desa di Indonesia Timur. Tematic Paper. Stocktake: Pembelajaran dari Program ACCESS Tahap II Terhadap Kemandirian Desa dan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan di Indonesia. Australian Community Development and Civil Society Strengthening Scheme (ACCESS) Phase II. Autralian AID dan IRE Yogyakarta. Hakim, Luqman. 2013. Theoritical Mapping. Modul and Discussion of Regulation For Developing Country. Doctoral Program of Public Administration. Faculty of Administrative Science. University of Brawijaya. Malang
Howlett, Michael and Ramesh, M. 1995. Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems. Oxford University Press.
Kartohadikoesoemo, Soetardjo. 1965. Desa. Tjetakan ke 2. Bandung: Penerbitan Sumur.
Mok, K.H., and Kuhner, Stefan. 2017. Managing welfare expectations and social change: policy transfer in Asia. Journal of Asian Public Policy (online), 10 (1), 1-7, doi:10.1080/17516234.2016.1258518. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17516234.2016.1258518?needAccess=true (Accessed 20 January 2017)
Muluk, Khairul, M.,R., et al. 2013. Developing systemic model for Indonesian village (desa) government. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research 3 (2), 2002-208
Muttalib. M.A, Akbar Ali Khan. Mohd. 1982. Theory of Local Government. First Edition. New Delhi: .Sterling Publishers Private Limited.
Nurcholis, Hanif et.al. 2014(a). Pemerintahan desa: unit pemerintahan palsu dalam sistem tatanegara republik Indonesia (The village government: a fake government units in thesystem of the republic of Indonesia)
Nurcholis, Hanif. 2014(b). Pemerintah desa: lembaga warisan penjajah jepang yang tidakkonstitusional. (The village government: heritage institutions of unconstitutionaljapanese invaders). ebook.
Nurcholis, Hanif. 2018. Pemerintah Desa Menghalangi Penyampaian Pelayanan Publik Oleh Pemerintah Formal Kabupaten Kota Kepada Citizens Yang Tinggal Di_Desa. http://www.academia.edu/35267769/Has been accessed and downloaded at 2 July, 2018.
Norton, Alan, 1994. International handbook of local and regional government. A comparative analysis of advanced democracies. Cheltenham. UK. +Lyme US: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Parsons, Wayne. 1995. Public Policy: An Introduction to The Theory And Practice Of Policy Analysis. Edward Elgar Cheltenham, British UK and Lyme, US.
Robbins. P. Stephen; Barnwell, Neil. 2002. Organization Theory. Fourth Edition. Pearson Education Australia
Rosenbloom, David.H 1991. Public Administration. Eight Edition. Mc Grawn. Hill International Edition.
Smith. Brian. Clive, 1985. Decentralization: the territorial dimension of the state. London: GeorgeAllen & Unwin Hyman Publisher..
Senge, Peter., M., 1990. The fifth discipline: The art and practise of the learning organization. New York 10036: published by doubleday. a division of bantam doubleday dell publishing group, inc. 1540 Broadway.
Surianingrat, Bayu. 1992. Pemerintahan administrasi desa dan kelurahan. (Administrationgovernment of rural villages and rural urban) Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Wanusmawatie, Ike, 2014. Analysis of law no. 6/2014 on rural based on local government. Dalam: Otonomi Desa Dalam Konteks Undang-Undang Dasar No. 6 Tahun 2014 (Village autonomy in the context of Law No 6/2014). Hardi Warsono., Harsoyo., Maya, Wulan, Pramesti,. ed. AsiAN National Simposium 4th 18-19 September 2014 FISIP UDAYANA, Denpasar, Bali: Udayana University Press, 119-129.
Wasistiono, Sadu and Tahir, Irwan. 2007. Prospek pengembangan desa. (Prospects for ruraldevelopment). Fokus Media.Bandung.
Wignjosoebroto, Soetandyo, 2008. Desentralisasi Dalam tata Pemerintahan Kolonial Hindia Belanda. Bayumedia Publishing. Malang.
______. Biro Pusat Statistik (Central Bureau of Statistic). Amabi Oefeto In Figures 2015. Kupang Regency. 2015.
______.Indonesia Government Regulation No. 72/2005 concerning Desa (rural-villlages)
______.Indonesia Government Regulation No. 43/2014 concerning the Implementing Regulations of Law No. 6/2014 on the village
______.Indonesia Constitution of 1945 Amandment.
______. Law No 6/2014 on Desa (rural village)
______.Law No. 32/2004 on Local Government
______.Law No. 22/1999 on Local Government
______.Law No. 5/1979 on Village Government
______.Law No. 19/1965 on Desapraja
______.Monograph Village Kairane, 2015.
______.United Nations Development Programme. 2006. What is poverty? Concepts and Measures. Poverty In Focus: International Poverty Centre. Brazil.
